INDIA ISRAEL SET TO CONDUCT THE BARAK 8 MRSAM

India and Israel are likely to conduct the first at-sea trial of the Barak 8 medium range surface to air missile system (MRSAM), on board an Israeli Navy vessel. Jointly developed by the two countries, the weapon provides an area air defense protecting vessels against any adversary weapons the Indian or israeli may face, including missiles, aircraft and drones.

Upon a successful completion of the test in Israel, another test would be conducted on board the Indian P-15 destroyer Kolkata in September, leading to the induction of the system with Barak 8 / MRSAM missiles on Indian and Israeli Navy surface ships in 2016.

The system was jointly developed by IAI in Israel and DRDOin India, under a cooperation of IAI Missile and Space Division, IAI Elta, responsible for the radar, the Indian Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) responsible for certain propulsion systems and Rafael, developing the missile interceptor. For the production phase BDL is will produce the missile in a new plant established near the city of Hyderabad. Full rate production is likely to begin in 2016.

Once cleared for operations, the LRSAM will be fitted on the P-15 A Kolkata Class guided-missile destroyers of the Indian Navy, and Eilat Class (Saar V) corvettes of the israeli Navy. It will also be integrated on the new Saar 6 corvettes being built in Germany, expected to join the Israel Navy towards the end of the decade. The Kolkata already has the radar, fire controls and launchers for 32 missiles. One of the Israeli Saar V boats has received the MF-STAR radar to support the new missiles and is likely to be equipped with other elements of the system to support the upcoming test.

The missile’s first ballistic flight test (short-range) was successfully conducted in Israel in May 2010. The first control navigation test of the missile was conducted in 2012. The missile had undergone successful full-system trials in Israel in November 2014, testing both land and naval missile system during a single test series. As per the original plan, the short-range tests at sea are to be held in Israel and the long-range tests in India.

The core of the MRSAM/Barak-8 system is the MF-STAR active phased array radar, providing search, track, target acquisition and fire control for the vessel’s weapon systems, including air-defense functions

DEFANCE TECHNOLOGY of INDIA MMRCA: RAFEL

After selecting the Rafale in a direct buy from France and scrapping the Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) tender for 126 aircraft, India is likely to recompete the program, inviting bidders to compete on the production of 90 fighter jets for the Indian Air Force. The Air Force requires at least 126 aircraft to replace aging fighter jets to be withdrawn from service in the coming decade. Although India agreed to buy 36 Rafales directly from France, the air force needs the remaining 90 aircraft to replace hundreds of its MiG-21, 27 and Jaguars reaching the end of their service life.

A Request for Proposal (RFP) is expected to be drafted soon after the new Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) comes in place.

Although not as big as the original 126 aircraft MMRCAtender, the new program is expected to be one of the biggest projects under the ‘Make in India’ campaign, as the cost of the programme is expected to be around $30 billion. Out of the 90 aircraft, 54 will be single-seaters and the remaining 36 tandem-seaters. The base order will be for 90 aircraft with an option for 45 additional fighters as a follow-on order.

According to the sources, the RFP will recompete the types that have already been evaluated by the IAF. These included Russia’s MIG-35 (RAC MiG), Swedish Gripen, FrenchDassault Rafale, American Lockheed Martin F-16IN andBoeing’s F/A-18IN Super Hornet and Typhoon made by the European Eurofighter consortium.

BAE Systems has cut its production cost by 20 per cent while upgrading some features. SAAB has also said there are chances for the re-introduction of Gripen in India, with Gripens offered under ‘Make-in-India’ or as new and assembled aircraft to India, to replenish obsolete fighters. Russian sources also claim Moscow is willing to put the Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft FGFA) on the fast track, anticipating orders from New Delhi toward the end of the decade.

While the president of France and Indian Prime Minister agreed in principle on the supply of 36 French DassaultAviation Rafale fighter jets to India, the contract nas not been signed yet, as the sides have not reached an agreement on the share of offset India will receive. France insists that the offset clause would raise the cost and delay deliveries. India demands a higher than regular level of 50 percent, rather that the standard 30 percent reinvestment required for large deals.

Why is it hot in summer and cold in winter?

Because the earth's axis is tilted.

It is all about the tilt of the Earth's axis. Many people believe that the temperature changes because the Earth is closer to the sun in summer and farther from the sun in winter. In fact, the Earth is farthest from the sun in July and is closest to the sun in January!

During the summer, the sun's rays hit the Earth at a steep angle. The light does not spread out as much, thus increasing the amount of energy hitting any given spot. Also, the long daylight hours allow the Earth plenty of time to reach warm temperatures.

During the winter, the sun's rays hit the Earth at a shallow angle. These rays are more spread out, which minimizes the amount of energy that hits any given spot. Also, the long nights and short days prevent the Earth from warming up. Thus, we have winter!

 EVERY DAY SCIENCE

1. Which is the outermost planet in the solar system?
1. Mercury
2. Pluto
3. Neptune
4. Uranus


2. The SI unit of charge is __________.
1. Ampere
2. Coulomb
3. Ohm
4. Volt


3. Very High Frequency (VHF) have __________ wavelengths.
1. shorter
2. shortest
3. longer
4. longest


4. Long-sight defect could be corrected by using __________ lens.
1. concave
2. vonvex
3. diverging
4. none of these


5. Deficiency of Vitamin-A results in __________.
1. night blindness
2. rickets
3. scurvy
4. hair fall


6. For a fixed mass of gass at constant temperature, if we decrease volume, the pressure will _________.
1. also decrease
2. increase
3. remains constant
4. none of these


7. The lifespan of Red Blood Cells is __________ days.
1. 60
2. 120
3. 180
4. 240


8. The density of water is __________.
1. 1 g/cm³
2. 1.5 g/cm³
3. 2 g/cm³
4. none of these


9. Radioactivity was discovered by __________.
1. Kelvin
2. Thomson
3. Rutherford
4. Bacquerel


10. A device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy is called __________.
1. motor
2. generator
3. moving-coil meter
4. battery

RAS MAIN EXAM. SYLLABUS

RPSC RAS 2015 Syllabus for Main Examination

Paper I:

• History, Culture,Art,Literature, Tradition & Heritage of Rajasthan
• Indian History
• Indian Constitution, Political System & Governance
• History of Modern World
• Economic concepts of Indian Economy
• Economy of Rajasthan
• Geography of Rajasthan
• Geography of world and India

Paper II:

• General Science and Technology
• General Knowledge and studies

Paper III:

• Current Sensitive Issues
• India and Global Perspective
• Administrative ethics
• General and administrative management
• Current Affairs

Paper IV:

• Knowledge of Language (English or Hindi)

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RAS pre syllabus

Paper I -

General Knowledge and General Science -

Max Marks - 200

Time - 3 Hours

There will be 1 50 questions of multiple choice (Objective Type), carrying equal marks.

There will be negative marking. 1/3 mark will be deducted for each wrong answer.

RPSC RAS Pre Syllabus:-

History, Art, Culture, Literature, Tradition & Heritage of Rajasthan

• Major Landmarks in the History of Rajasthan,Major Dynasties, their Administrative and Revenue System. Socio- cultural Issues.
• Freedom Movement, Political Awakening and Integration
• Salient features of Architecture–Forts and Monuments
• Arts, Paintings and Handicrafts
• Important Works of Rajasthani literature. Local Dilects
• Fairs, Festivals, Folk Music and Folk Dances.
• Rajsathani Culture, Traditions and Heritage.
• Religious Movements, Saints & Lokdevtas of Rajasthan.
• Important Tourist Places.
• Leading Personalities of Rajasthan.

Indian History

Ancient & Medieval Period:-

• Salient features and Major Landmarks of Ancient and Medieval India
• Art, Culture, Literature and Architecture.
• Major Dynasties, Their Administrative System. Socio- Economic Conditions, Prominent Movements.

Modern Period:-

• Modern Indian history (from about the middle of the eighteenth century until thepresent)- significant events, personalities and issues.
• The Freedom Struggle & Indian National Movement-its various stages and important contributors and contributions from different parts of the country.
• Social and Religious Reform movements in the 19th and 20th century. Post-independence consolidation and reorganiza tion within the country.

Geography of World and India

World Geography:

• Broad Physical features.
• Environmental and Ecological Issues.
• Wildlife and Bio-diversity.
• International Waterways.
• Major Industrial Regions.

Geography of India:

• Broad physical features and Major physiographic divisions.
• Agriculture and Agro based Activities.
• Minerals–Iron, Manganese, Coal, Oil & Gas, Atomic minerals.
• Major Industries and Industrial development.
• Transportation–major transport corridors.
• Natural Resources
• Environmental Problems and Ecological Issues

Geography of Rajasthan

• Broad physical features and Major physiographic divisions.
• Natural Resource of Rajasthan- Climate, Natural Vegetation, Forests, Wildlife and Bio-diversity
• Major irrigation projects.
• Mines and Minerals.
• Population.
• Major Industries and Potential for Industrial Development.

Indian Constitution, Political System & Governance

Constitutional Development & Indian Constitution:-

Government of India Acts: 1919 and 1935, Constituent Assembly, Nature of Indian Constitution; Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State, Fundamental Duties, Federal Structure, Constitutional Amendments, Emergency Provisions, Public Interest Litigati on (P.I.L.) and Judicial Review.

Indian Political System and Governance: Nature of Indian State, Democracy in India, Reorganization of States, Coalition Governments, Political Parties, National Integration.
Union and State Executive; Union and State Legislative, Judiciary
President, Parliament, Supreme Court, Election Commission, Comptroller andAuditor General, Planning Commission, National Development Council, Central VigilenceCommission (CVC), Central Iinformation Commission, Lokpal, National Human Rights Commission (NHRC).
Local Self Government & Panchayati Raj

Public Policy & Rights

• National Public Policy as a welfare state.
• Various Legal Rights and Citizen Charter.

Political and Administrative System of Rajasthan

• Governor, Chief Minister, State Assembly, High Court, Rajasthan Public Service
• Commission, District Administration, State Human Rights Commission, Lokayukt, State Election Commission, State Information Commission.
• Public Policy, Legal Rights and Citizen Charter

Economic Concepts and Indian Economy Basic Concepts of Economics

Basic Knowledge of Budgeting, Banking

• Public Finance, National Income, Growth and Development
• Accounting-Concept, Tools and Usesin Administration
• Stock Exchange and Share Market
• Fiscal and Monetary Policies
• Subsidies, Public Distribution System
• e-Commerce
• Inflation- Concept, Impact and Control Mechanism

Economic Development & Planning :

• 5 Year Plans-Objectives, Strategies and Achievements.
• Major Sectors of Economy-Agriculture, Industry, Service and Trade -Current Status, Issues & initiatives.
• Major Economic Problems and Government Initiatives. Economic Reforms and Liberalization

Human Resource and Economic Development : -Human Development Index

Poverty and Unemployment: -

Concept, Types, Causes, Remedies and Current Flagship Schemes. Social Justice and Empowerment:-Provisions for Weaker Sections

Economy of Rajasthan

• Macro overview of Economy.
• Major Agricultural, Industrial and Service Sector Issues.
• Growth, Development and Planning.
• Infrastructure & Resources.
• Major Development Projects.
• Programmes and Schemes-Government Welfare Schemes for SC/ST/Backward Class/Minorities/Disabled Persons, Destitute, Women, Children, Old Age People, Farmers & Labourers.

Science & Technology

• Basics of Everyday Science
• Electronics, Computers, Information and Communication Technology.
• Space Technology including Satellites.
• Defence Technology
• Nanotechnology
• Human body, Food and Nutrition, Health care.
• Environmental and Ecological Changes and its Impacts.
• Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering.
• Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry and Animal Husbandry with special reference to Rajasthan.
• Development of Science and Technology in Rajasthan.

Reasoning & Mental Ability

Logical Reasoning (Deductive, Inductive, Abductive):

Statementand Assumptions, Statement and Argument, Statements and Conclusion, Courses of Action.

Analytical Reasoning

Mental Ability:- Number series, Letter series, Odd man out, Coding-Decoding, Problems relating to Relations, Shapes and their sub sections.

Basic Numeracy:-

Elementary knowledge of Mathematical and Statistical Analysis
Number System, Order of M agnitude, Ratio and Proportion, Percentage, Simple and Compound Interest, Data Analysis (Tables, Bar diagram, Line graph, Pie-chart).

Current Affairs

• Major Current Events and Issues of State(Rajsathan), National and International Importance
• Persons and Places in reccent news
• Games and Sports related Activities

- See more at: http://www.eduvidya.com/Search/RPSC-RAS-Syllabus#sthash.QpXiI0kL.dpuf

Higgs Boson : The God Particle

The standard model of particle physics hypothesized about Higgs Boson in 1964. The discovery of Higgs particle was announced at CERN on 4 July 2012. The discovery has been called monumental because it appears to confirm the existence of the Higgs field, which is pivotal to the Standard Model and other theories within particle physics. As scientists are busy finding out the details of the Higgs Field, let’s have a quick look at some of the most perplexing questions based on Higgs particle.

Why is the Higgs particle called the “God particle”?

The nickname is pure invention. There’s nothing in the mathematical equations, in the interpretation of the physics, in any philosophy, or in any religious text or tradition that connects the Higgs particle or the Higgs field with any notion of religion or divinity. Professor and Nobel Prize Winner Leon Lederman, allowed his book on the Higgs particle to be assigned this attention-getting title, and thus the name!

Field vs Waves vs Particle

A field is normally made up of waves. An waves are made up of particles. The least-intense possible wave that a field can have is called a particle. Applying the concept in Higgs Field : Higgs particle is the smallest possible Higgs wave, and a Higgs wave is a ripple in the Higgs field.

What’s so important about the Higgs particle?

Finding the Higgs particle is the first big step toward the main goal: understanding the properties of the Higgs field and why it has a non-zero average value.

What’s so important about the Higgs field?

The Higgs field has a non-zero average value. And because it does, many elementary particles have mass. Remember that the electric field has zero average value. Discovery of Higgs field would explain why some fundamental particles have mass when the symmetries controlling their interactions should require them to be massless. It would also explain why the weak force has a much shorter range than the electromagnetic force. The discovery of a Higgs boson should allow physicists to finally validate the last untested area of the Standard Model’s approach to fundamental particles and forces, guide other theories and discoveries in particle physics, and potentially lead to developments in “new” physics.

Large Hadron Collider

Higgs Boson

Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was built to figure out what the Higgs field is (or Higgs fields are), how it works (or they work), and whether it is (or they are) elementary or composite. In-fact LHC was built to do much more than discover the Higgs Boson, such as…

Identify dark matter
Search for extra dimensions of space and microscopic black holes
Look for signs of unification of fundamental forces
Find “evidence” for string theory
Find the Higgs Boson
Understand antimatter
Learn about the fundamental forces that have shaped the universe since the beginning of time, and will determine its fate.
The Higgs field is not the universal giver of mass to things in the universe!

Ordinary matter’s mass is mostly from atomic nuclei. That doesn’t come entirely from the Higgs field.The Higgs field gives mass to most of the elementary particles, but not to bigger composite particles. This means even if there is no Higgs field, there would have been protons and neutrons, which of-course has mass. So Higgs field is not the universal giver of mass to things in the universe.

Higgs field is not the sole mass giver even to elementary particles!

Standard Particle Model
Standard Particle Model

The Higgs field is not the universal giver of mass to all elementary particles. The Higgs particle itself gets its mass, at least in part, from elsewhere, may be from dark matter.

PS: Now it is true that the W and Z particles, the quarks, the charged leptons and the neutrinos must get their mass from a Higgs field. It’s not possible for them to have masses any other way. But this is not true of the Higgs particle itself.

NB : The mass-less particles are photons, gluons and gravitons.

Beyond the Higgs Boson

The standard model of particle physics hypothesized about Higgs Boson. In fact this hypothesis states that the Higgs Field is made up of elementary particles called Higgs Bosons. But in reality there might be more than one Higgs Field made up of particles other than Higgs Bosons too.

UPSC Question on Higgs Boson

Question: The efforts to detect the existence of Higgs boson particle have become frequent news in the recent past. What is /are the importance of discovering this particle?

It will enable us to understand as to why elementary particles have mass.
It will enables us in the near future to develop the technology to transferring matter from one point to another without traversing the physical space between them.
It will enable us to create better fuels for nuclear fission.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Ans : 1 ( 1 only)

SCIENCE n TECHNOLOGY Ebola Virus Disease – A Challenge to India

Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The Ebola virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission.The Ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if untreated. There are currently no licensed Ebola vaccines but 2 potential candidates are undergoing evaluation.

History of Ebola: Ebola virus disease (EVD) first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, Sudan, and the other in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The Yambuku outbreak occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name. The current outbreak in west Africa is the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976. The first cases were notified in March 2014. The most severely affected countries, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia have very weak health systems, lacking human and infrastructural resources, having only recently emerged from long periods of conflict and instability.

Ebola Virus Strains

There are 5 species of Ebola Virus (belonging to the virus family Filoviridae) that have been identified:Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Reston and Taï Forest. The first 3, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, and Sudan ebolavirus have been associated with large outbreaks in Africa. The virus causing the 2014 west African outbreak belongs to the Zaire species.

• The Ebola virus is a member of RNA virus known as ‘Filoviriade’.
• The Ebola virus is the world’s third deadliest infectious disease after HIV.
• The new strain of Ebola is called Ebola Tai(WHO).

Transmission of Ebola

It is thought that fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are natural Ebola virus hosts. Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals such as chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead or in the rainforest.

Ebola then spreads through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these fluids.

Symptoms of Ebola Virus Disease

The Ebola virus causes hemorrhagic fever which begins it’s effect in 4 to 10 days after the infection. Symptoms are such as fever, chills, loss of appetite, headache etc. As the disease advances more symptoms such as vomiting, sore throat, diarrhea, chest pain and bleeding may occur. Incubation period for this virus is from two to twenty one days. People may be exposed to the Ebola virus from direct contact with the blood and secretions of infected person. It attacks every part of the human body and disrupts immune system which finally may lead to death.

Ebola Virus Disease – A Challenge to India

Ebola which is native of African continent is spreading to many other countries through the people who are affected by this virus. When affected people from countries like Guinea, Liberia,Sierra Leone moved to other countries, the virus spread. There was strict ban from the side of many countries on natives from West African nations. But the disease has already spread to non-Africans and the scrutiny became tough. All the countries near by Africa are scrutinizing in their respective airports. Medical checkup is done to the passengers from Africa. But unfortunately they may not be recognized as infected because the virus takes almost 21 days to incubate. So even if the person is affected he is not able to be identified.

India is also taking measures so that the virus should not be spread to the country. But there are thousands of Indians who are working in Ebola infected areas in Africa. If they return to their homeland – India – then chances of spreading of the virus is there. It’s really a big challenge to India to tackle the virus. Although the government is making efforts to screen the people at international airports, the potential threat is still there. Dense population and poor sanitation are the main problems to tackle Ebola in India. Health care services in India are abysmal.

Measures

1. Reducing the risk of wildlife-to-human transmission.
2. Reducing the risk of human-to-human transmission.
3. Outbreak containment measures.

Currently there is no licensed vaccine to treat the disease. Healthcare workers are among the biggest segment of affected people. People who are affected by Ebola are not revealing because of the fear of isolation. Suggested measures to tackle Ebola include hospitals with isolation wards and improved surveillance. Health care workers must be trained to handle Ebola patients. Strict screening must be done at airports not only to the people who come from African countries but also to everyone as the virus has already spread to other countries. People who are identified with the symptoms of Ebola virus disease must be immediately treated by the medical personnel and should be strictly monitored from time to time. Government should provide awareness to the people about the virus so that people can be cautious and can go for medical checkup if symptoms appear.